What's the meaning of success?

"To laugh often and much; To win the respect of intelligent people and the affection of children; To earn the appreciation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friends; To find the best in others; To leave the world a bit better, whether by a healthy child, a garden patch, or a redeemed social condition; To know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived; This is to have succeeded." Ralph Waldo Emerson

Wednesday, November 17, 2010

Hero essay


Hero Essay
Due, Friday, Dec. 3
Four pages, double-space
Need at least four research articles cited, including the Campbell book. Online sources are not accepted. Use standard footnotes. Note sure how to cite movies, reviews, newspaper articles? Use this website for help: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
Choose the “notes and bibliography tab”

Include a bibliography. Yes, your footnotes will have the complete reference I am just asking for a second page attached. Make it page five. The Kate Turbian Guide is based on this style and is also acceptable.


CHOOSE ONE. Post your choice on the blog. Only one person per topic.

The questions

Option One (seven choices)

Explain how the following used Campbell’s work. You will have to include the 12-steps mentioned in the initial lecture (and posted on Blackboard), the works themselves, information on (Vogler, Adams, Rowling). All are believed to have been influenced by Campbell’s work.

• Hollywood film producer and writer Christoper Vogler
• Novelist Richard Adams
• Author J.K. Rowling
• Author Arthur C. Clarke
• Singer Bob Dylan
• Singer Jim Morrison
• Grateful Dead members Mickey Hart, Bob Weir and Jerry Garcia

Option Two (five choices)

• Explain the drawings in the book. How do they illustrate the text? Says Campbell: “Artists are magical helpers. Evoking symbols and motifs that connect us to our deeper selves, they can help us along the heroic journey of our own lives.”

Part One (one person)
Part Two (one person)

• One of the questions that has been raised about the way that Campbell laid out the monomyth of the hero’s journey was that it focused on the masculine journey. Is this true? Explain, cite. Why might this be true? Why not? You might also consider the influence of Freud and Jung in this discussion.

• Analyze how perceptions of a 'Hero' change among different cultures and throughout time.

• Campbell often refers to psychology in the book. What was the influence of
Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung? (You might also consider Arnold an Gennep, James Frazer, Franz Boas, Otto Rank)

Option Three (17 choices)

Describe the elements of the following based on Campbell’s monomyth. You will have to include the 12-steps mentioned in the initial lecture (and posted on Blackboard) and the works themselves.

1. The Epic of Gilgamesh
2. The Iliad
3. The Odyssey
4. The Aeneid
5. Beowulf
6. The Ramayana
7. The Lord of the Rings series
8. The Harry Potter series
9. The Hobbit
10. Bikeman
11. Lion King
12. Count of Monte Cristo
13. Madame Bovary
14. Narnia: The lion, the witch and the wardrobe
15. Wizard of Oz
16. King Arthur
17. Aladdin

Are there discernable patterns? Is the hero a remote figure, or someone a “normal” person can identify with? What is the lesson learned? What is the hero's relationship with his homeland (whether that place is ancient Greece or the imaginary Middle Earth)? What are the archetypes? What are the ways that heroes go about leaving on their journeys? What is the moral objective of the hero?

Honors 102 book choices VOTING

The descriptions come from various book reviews. They are posted here in no specific order.
I am numbering the books. You get to pick four books. List them by number in first, second, third, fourth choice. In other words. The first book is your first choice. I am going to award points to develop a tally.

I am also open to any suggestions you might have.

Deadline: Dec. 3 (noon)


1. Mysteries of the Middle Ages: The Rise of Feminism, Science, and Art from the Cults of Catholic Europe by Thomas Cahill


After the long period of cultural decline known as the Dark Ages, Europe experienced a rebirth of scholarship, art, literature, philosophy, and science and began to develop a vision of Western society that remains at the heart of Western civilization today.

By placing the image of the Virgin Mary at the center of their churches and their lives, medieval people exalted womanhood to a level unknown in any previous society. For the first time, men began to treat women with dignity and women took up professions that had always been closed to them.

The communion bread, believed to be the body of Jesus, encouraged the formulation of new questions in philosophy: Could reality be so fluid that one substance could be transformed into another? Could ordinary bread become a holy reality? Could mud become gold, as the alchemists believed? These new questions pushed the minds of medieval thinkers toward what would become modern science.

Artists began to ask themselves similar questions. How can we depict human anatomy so that it looks real to the viewer? How can we depict motion in a composition that never moves? How can two dimensions appear to be three? Medieval artists (and writers, too) invented the Western tradition of realism.

On visits to the great cities of Europe—monumental Rome; the intellectually explosive Paris of Peter Abelard and Thomas Aquinas; the hotbed of scientific study that was Oxford; and the incomparable Florence of Dante and Giotto—Cahill brilliantly captures the spirit of experimentation, the colorful pageantry, and the passionate pursuit of knowledge that built the foundations for the modern world

2.At Home: A Short History of Private Life by Bill Bryson turns his attention from science to society in his authoritative history of domesticity. While walking through his own home, a former Church of England rectory built in the 19th century, Bryson reconstructs the fascinating history of the household, room by room. With waggish humor and a knack for unearthing the extraordinary stories behind the seemingly commonplace, he examines how everyday items--things like ice, cookbooks, glass windows, and salt and pepper--transformed the way people lived, and how houses evolved around these new commodities. "Houses are really quite odd things," Bryson writes, and, luckily for us, he is a writer who thrives on oddities. He gracefully draws connections between an eclectic array of events that have affected home life, covering everything from the relationship between cholera outbreaks and modern landscaping, to toxic makeup, highly flammable hoopskirts, and other unexpected hazards of fashion. Fans of Bryson's travel writing will find plenty to love here; his keen eye for detail and delightfully wry wit emerge in the most unlikely places, making At Home an engrossing journey through history, without ever leaving the house.

Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife By Mary Roach
3.Mary Roach chooses a broad subject that pretty much everyone's interested in, then investigates the hell out of it in her unique, lighthearted style. No one dissects a topic as entertainingly as she does — I'd have killed to have her for a science teacher. And make no mistake, this may seem like light and jovial stuff, but it's not. It's as precise, thorough and informative as the stiffest, most pompous books on whatever subject her insatiably inquisitive mind is exploring. She just does it without pretense and with a lot of fun. She'll talk to the experts and ask the questions anyone with common sense would like to ask, especially the ones we'd be embarrassed to bring up, and then reports it all with a clear mind, a ruthless eye for self-editing, and a mordant, dry wit. The subject of this particular book of hers — the weird and wacky world of ghosts, mediums, near-death-experiences, reincarnation and the afterlife — is, as with her other books, one that suits her talents (pun alert) spookily well.

4.The Blessing Stone by Barbara Wood Three million years ago, a meteorite plunged to earth in a cataclysmic collision, out of which emerged a beautiful blue stone. One hundred thousand years ago, a girl named "Tall One" discovers the crystal on the African plain and finds her destiny after looking into the mysterious stone. Thus begins the story of The Blessing Stone, an account of the ways in which the stone changes the lives and reveals the destinies of those it comes into contact with. The history of the world unfolds as the stone is passed from generation to generation, and across 5 continents from the Jordan River Valley to ancient Israel, from Imperial Rome to Medieval England, from fifteenth-century Germany to the eighteenth-century Caribbean and finally to the pioneers of the American West. Wood's 19th novel is comprised of eight individual books linked by a common thread—The Blessing Stone. Each story is set in a different country and period of time featuring Wood's trademark attention to historical detail. This backdrop provides a compelling canvas on which are painted the lives of the book's characters as they search for truth, courage, solace and even revenge, aided they believe, by the mystical powers of a cosmic blessing stone.

5.My Stroke of Insight by Jill Bolte Taylor. It's a small book and not overly technical, and might be a wonderful link in this chain of thought. Taylor, first and foremost a scientist, describes scientifically and humanistically the event, her subsequent recovery, and the insight she developed regarding our spiritual selves. This is not an 'I almost died and found Jesus' sort of book, rather it is a scientific 'explanation' of how and where our spiritual energies manifest.

6.An Inconvenient truth by Al Gore: Gore considers global warming to be an inconvenient truth and a pending planetary emergency. In his political career he was an advocate of measures to deal with this and other environmental crises, and in his post-political career he has accelerated these warnings. An Inconvenient Truth, an immediate New York Times bestseller, and the film that was released at around the same time, are his attempt to take this message to the masses.

7.People of the Book by Geraldine Brooks: is an intricate, ambitious novel that traces the journey of a rare illuminated Hebrew manuscript from convivencia Spain to the ruins of Sarajevo, from the Silver Age of Venice to the sunburned rock faces of northern Australia.
Inspired by the true story of a mysterious codex known as the Sarajevo Haggadah, People of the Book is a sweeping adventure through five centuries of history. From its creation in Muslim-ruled, medieval Spain, the illuminated manuscript makes a series of perilous journeys: through Inquisition-era Venice, fin-de-siecle Vienna, and the Nazi sacking of Sarajevo.

8.Year of Wonders, Geraldine Brooks: This gripping historical novel is based on the true story of Eyam, the “Plague Village,” tucked in the rugged mountain spine of England. In 1666, when an infected bolt of cloth carries plague from London to the isolated settlement of shepherds and lead miners, a housemaid named Anna Frith emerges as an unlikely heroine and healer. Through Anna’s eyes the reader follows the story of the plague year, as her fellow villagers make an extraordinary choice: convinced by a visionary young minister they elect to quarantine themselves within the village boundaries to arrest the spread of the disease. As the death toll rises and people turn from prayers and herbal cures to sorcery and murderous witch-hunting, Anna must confront the deaths of family, the disintegration of her community, and the lure of illicit love.

9.The Case of the 1996 Failed Everest Expeditions
In 1996 dozens of teams of climbers made their way to the top of the world seeking the greatest trophy in the world of mountaineering: Climbing Mt. Everest. But when a snowstorm swept down on the two teams as they made their way down from the mountain, tragedy struck. Eight members of the two expeditions died from exposure, including the team leaders.

10.A Sand County Almanac is a 1949 non-fiction book by American ecologist, forester, and environmentalist Aldo Leopold. Describing the land around the author's home in Sauk County, Wisconsin, the collection of essays advocate Leopold's idea of a "land ethic", or a responsible relationship existing between people and the land they inhabit. Edited and published by his son, Luna, a year after Leopold's death from a heart attack, the book is considered a landmark in the American conservation movement. The book has informed and changed the environmental movement and stimulated a widespread interest in ecology as a science.

Extra credit post--One

Honors 102 takes the theme of "Self and Society" and springboards it to the world. As instructors we are cahrged with covering these themes in the eight books. Four books are common texts. I get to choose four others. I am seeking your recommendation. I know you might not be in my section but your input is still important to me. The books I am considering follows in a separate blog. Here is information on the required texts. The second blog has books suggested by a variety of people. You get to vote.

Honors 102: Focus on Science, Nature and Religion
• Self and cosmos
• Self and nature
• Role of religion
• Evolution theory
• Environmental issues
• How do we interact with the natural world

Required Common texts
• Life of Pi by Yann Martel. The Life of Pi follows the strange journey of Pi, a young Indian boy whose zookeeper father decides immigrate to Canada with his family and some of the zoo animals. On the way, their ship sinks and Pi is cast adrift in a lifeboat with a zebra, a hyena, an orangutan, and a huge Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. The animals battle for survival in the cramped boat as Pi tries to avoid being part of the food chain. Eventually, just the tiger and he are left in the life raft. They develop a mutually beneficial relationship and save each other from various disasters. The novel ends with a dramatic twist that raises questions about the true identity of Pi.
• Abel Sanchez and other Stories by Miguel de Unamuno
The stories "Abel Sanzhez", "The Madness of Doctor Montarco", and "Saint Emmanuel the Good Marty" are three of the Spanish philosopher Unamuno's most haunting parables. Quixotic madmen are the protagonists of these imaginative stories, which probe the horror of a nothingness beyond death. The Introduction by Anthony Kerrigan, the translator, traces Unamuno's life.
• Copenhagen by Michael Frayn winner of the 2000 Tony Award for best play, attempts to answer the question that has been on the minds of many quantum physicists and historians from World War II: What actually took place in a secret meeting between Niels Bohr, who is considered the father of quantum physics, and Werner Heisenberg, who was working on, but failed to create, the atomic bomb for Nazi Germany? The meeting took place in 1941. Heisenberg had been a student of Bohr’s. The two scientists had collaborated and brought forth the basic tenets that would become the foundation of quantum physics. The meeting took place while Denmark was occupied by the Nazis. All that was publicly known was that after the meeting, Bohr would have nothing to do with Heisenberg. Bohr would eventually help the U.S. forces and he was instrumental in the creation of the atomic bombs that were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. But what happened to Heisenberg? Did he deliberately confound the Nazi efforts to create a similar weapon? Or did he attempt to create it but fail? Frayn leaves these overarching questions for the audience to ponder.
• Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan
what we should have for dinner. To find out, Pollan follows each of the food chains that sustain us—industrial food, organic or alternative food, and food we forage ourselves—from the source to a final meal, and in the process develops a definitive account of the American way of eating. His absorbing narrative takes us from Iowa cornfields to food-science laboratories, from feedlots and fast-food restaurants to organic farms and hunting grounds, always emphasizing our dynamic coevolutionary relationship with the handful of plant and animal species we depend on. Each time Pollan sits down to a meal, he deploys his unique blend of personal and investigative journalism to trace the origins of everything consumed, revealing what we unwittingly ingest and explaining how our taste for particular foods and flavors reflects our evolutionary inheritance.

Blog: Due 6 p.m., Sunday, Nov. 28.
Summarize the theme of your assigned section in about 100 words. What is the relationship to the monomyth? Sections were assigned randomly.


Graham Williams, Part II, chapter II, section 1
Dan Rust, Part II, chapter II, section 2
Will Shirley, Part II, chapter II, section 3
Emory Smith, Part II, chapter II, section 4


Camille Olson, Part II, chapter III, section 1
Kenna Collums, Part II, chapter III, section 2
Katie Portner, Part II, chapter III, section 3
Brad Gordon, Part II, chapter III, section 4
Kristen Laprade, Part II, chapter III, section 5
Kevin Scott, Part II, chapter III, section 6
Lance Ezell, Part II, chapter III, section 7
Archer Hodges, Part II, chapter III, section 8


Matt Niemeyer, Part II, chapter V, section 1
Timothy McArthur, Part II, chapter V, section 2

Madison Stewart, Part II, Epilogue, section 1
Tony Stvartak, Part II, Epilogue, section 2
Ryan Rigney, Part II, Epilogue, section 3

Thursday, November 11, 2010


Blog posting: due 6 p.m., Sunday, Nov. 14.

Summarize the theme of your assigned section in about 100 words. What is the relationship to the monomyth? What is the point Campbell is making? Sections were assigned randomly.





Lance Ezell, explain the chart on page 210

Camille Olson, Part I, chapter III, section 1
Kenna Collums, Part I, chapter III, section 2
Katie Portner, Part I, chapter III, section 3
Brad Gordon, Part I, chapter III, section 4
Kristen Laprade, Part I, chapter III, section 5
Kevin Scott, Part I, chapter III, section 6

Archer Hodges, Part II, chapter I, section 1
Tony Stvartak, Part II, chapter I, section 2
Ryan Rigney, Part II, chapter I, section 3
Matt Niemeyer, Part II, chapter III, section 4
Madison Stewart, Part II, chapter I, section 5
Timothy McArthur, Part II, chapter I, section 6

Graham Williams, Part II, chapter II, section 1
Dan Rust, Part II, chapter II, section 2
Will Shirley, Part II, chapter II, section 3
Emory Smith, Part II, chapter II, section 4

Friday, November 5, 2010

The call to adventure


Joseph Campbell writes in The Hero of a Thousand Faces: “The call to adventure signifies that destiny has summoned the hero and transferred his spiritual center of gravity from within the pale of this society into a zone unknown. This fateful region of both treasure and danger may be variously represented: as a distant land, a forest, a kingdom underground, beneath the waves or above the sky, a secret island, lofty mountaintop, or profound dream state; but it is always a place of strangely fluid and polymorphous beings, unimaginable torments, superhuman deeds, and impossible delights.”

Explain this in the context of the chapters assigned so far. Relate to two specific myths from two different chapters. Cite chapter and page number. If not using the assigned text include a note so I can locate the cite. Cite as in (Chapter XX, page XXX) right after the myth.

This posting will be longer—about 100 words.

Thursday, October 28, 2010

Question for the week



Are 5,001 Facebook Friends One Too Many?
By AIMEE LEE BALL
Published: May 28, 2010, The New York Times

THE British anthropologist and Oxford professor Robin Dunbar has posed a theory that the number of individuals with whom a stable interpersonal relationship can be maintained (read: friends) is limited by the size of the human brain, specifically the neocortex. “Dunbar’s number,” as this hypothesis has become known, is 150.

Facebook begs to differ.

Friending “sustains an illusion of closeness in a complex world of continuous partial attention,” said Roger Fransecky, a clinical psychologist and executive coach in New York (2,894 friends).



Do you agree or disagree?



Or, do you have a front porch? (local conversation, people you really know or see?)

Monday, October 25, 2010

Roger Franseky


Roger Franesky, CEO of The Apogee Group

We deeply believe that the invitation of life is to live a remarkable life. Never settle for second best. You must be committed each day to the sense of the prose and poetry of your life.

Lessons—they are called lessons because they are less every year

Everyone in my life is my teacher. Everyone is in my life because I choose them to be in my life. Everything happens for a reason. There are no accidents. No what age you are, no matter what you are doing, you are supposed to be here. You are here to unfold to other people.

Most of us think we change. We do not. We modify.

Real change occurs deliberately and with intention. It happens because you are living in that dynamic tension between attention and intention.

The question of life is not what you are doing, the question if life is what are you becoming. Are you becoming that by default or by design? If becoming by default the universe steps in and surprises you and you may not get to the destination you want. Wouldn’t it be better to step in and try to design the future you want?

We are leaping into the future without a parachute. The core energy of the world is not order it is chaos. Everywhere we see order it is an illusion.

We are in the process of every day of leaping into the unknown. If you are able to do that and survive you will prevail. If you stay in the plane and tighter the parachute you will end up in a place not of your own choosing. Someone else will choose.

Change begins with endings, not beginning. You must surrender your beliefs, you must grieve about it, and you must let it go before you can step into a new beginning.

You never change without going through this unfathomable process of sitting and surrendering to the neutral zone.

It is like sitting in a fog-draped lake rowing from one rowing from one pier to another. You are leaving the place you knew and understood and you are rowing through the fog to something that is unknown. Mid-lake you have a choice. You trust at some level but you can’t see it. Do you have the courage to keep going or turn back? Most of us turn back. Most of us are terrified at what is at the other end. Change occurs when you stay in the rowboat. The mist clears rather quickly.

All change occurs with one thing—starts with what you believe. Most people have encoded their beliefs at the age of nine. They are stuck in nine. Part of how they experience life and their fears is not as a rational 40-year-old but as a scared nine-year-old.

Nobody can impose change on you. It comes from within you. We stop learning. We stop seeking. We fail to develop emotionally. We fail to make creative decisions. We fail to positively listen to ourselves and others. We believe our own BS.


We need to know about ourselves: beliefs, values, the prose and the poetry.
We need more self-knowledge.
We must commit to a ruthless self-inventory
We commit to a guilt-free action plan.
We find the tools, the mentors, the partners to succeed.
We surrender bias, old data, empty baggage, smelly socks.

STRATEGY

Give up the illusion that you can predict the future. It is a very liberating moment.

All you can do is to give yourself the capacity to respond to the only certainty in life—which is uncertainty.

The creation of that capacity is the purpose of strategy.

THE TRANSITION PROCESS

Ending
Letting go and surrendering.
Neutral zone: non-man’s land between the old reality and the new

New Beginnings
Re-invention and renewal.

Principals of change
Each individual chooses to change. Change is about choice.
Change is a process that can be enabled, not managed.

Check your current beliefs . . . are they out of date
Celebrate what you do well, and own your own centers of excellence
Acknowledge the gaps and gaffs

What are your gifts?
Sort for the real values and the sources of value creation.

Each day we have reminders of how important it is to align our intentions and where we focus our attention, our efforts, our hard work. And when we do, discovering rewards in surprising corners.

"Watch your thoughts, for they become words. Watch your words, for they become actions. Watch your actions, for they become habits. Watch your habits, for they become your character. Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny."

Thursday, October 14, 2010

Eat, Pray, Love

If you were to design your own version of Eat, Pary and LOve where would you go. Mention all three components and tell me why. Example. For Love I would go to XXXXXXXXXXXX because. AThe length should not exceed six sentences.

Friday, October 8, 2010

Marx posting

Blog posting: Due by 6 p.m. Sunday. Two-three sentences.

Take your assigned quote. What did Marx mean by this statement?

A-G: "A specter is haunting Europe: the specter of Communism"

H-M: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles"

N-P: "Society as a whole is more and more splitting into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat"

Q-Scott: "The executive of the modern state is but a committee for the managing of the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie"

Shirley-Stewart: "What the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, is its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable"

Stvartak-Z: "Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that is does is to deprive him of the power to subjugate the labor of others by means of such appropriation"

Monday, September 27, 2010

Kafka query

What is The Trial about? There are about 20 different topics. You must read the posts before you. No duplicates allowed. Due 6 p.m. Sunday.

Sunday, September 26, 2010

Kafka

An ambitious, worldly young bank official named Joseph K. is arrested by two warders "one fine morning," although he has done nothing wrong. K. is indignant and outraged. The morning happens to be that of his thirtieth birthday. One year later, on the morning of his thirty-first birthday, two warders again come for K. They take him to a quarry outside of town and kill him in the name of the Law. K. lets them.

The Trial is the chronicle of that intervening year of K.'s case, his struggles and encounters with the invisible Law and the untouchable Court. It is an account, ultimately, of state-induced self-destruction. Yet, as in all of Kafka's best writing, the "meaning" is far from clear. Just as the parable related by the chaplain in Chapter Nine (called "The Doorkeeper" or "Before the Law") elicits endless commentary from students of the Law, so has The Trial been a touchstone of twentieth-century critical interpretation. As some commentators have noted, it has, in parts, the quality of revealed truth; as such it is ultimately unresolvable--a mirror for any sectarian reading.

How to summarize this kind of text? It was written during 1914-1915, while Kafka was an official in the Workmen's Accident Insurance Institute for the Kingdom of Bohemia. On one level we can see in The Trial a satirical pillorying of the Austro-Hungarian bureaucracy of Kafka's day. Yet to many readers it is eerily prescient of the psychological weaponry used by the much more insidious totalitarian regimes to come, of the legally-sanctioned death machines Kafka never lived to see. It is also an unfinished novel, and this is apparent in the final chapters. It is at times as suffocating to read as the airless rooms of the Court that it describes. The German title, Der Prozess, connotes both a "trial" and a "process," and it is perhaps this maddening feeling of inevitability that leaves a lasting visceral impression: the machinery has been set in motion, and the process will grind toward conclusion despite our most desperate exhortations.

Characters
Joseph K. - The hero and protagonist of the novel, K. is the Chief Clerk of a bank. Ambitious, shrewd, more competent than kind, he is on the fast track to success until he is arrested one morning for no reason. There begins his slide into desperation as he tries to grapple with an all-powerful Court and an invisible Law.

Fraulein Burstner - A boarder in the same house as Joseph K. She lets him kiss her one night, but then rebuffs his advances. She makes a brief reappearance in the novel's final pages.

Frau Grubach - The proprietress of the lodging house in which K. lives. She holds K. in high esteem.

Uncle Karl - K.'s impetuous uncle from the country, formerly his guardian. Karl insists that K. hire Huld, the lawyer.

Huld, the Lawyer - K.'s fustian advocate who provides precious little in the way of action and far too much in the way of anecdote.

Leni - Herr Huld's nurse, she's on fire for Joseph K. She soon becomes his lover. Apparently, she finds accused men extremely attractive--the fact of their indictment makes them irresistible to her.

Assistant Manager - K.'s unctuous rival at the Bank, only too willing to catch K. in a compromising situation.

Block, the Tradesman - Block is another accused man and client of Huld. His case is five year's old, and he is but a shadow of the prosperous man he once was. All his time, energy, and resources are now devoted to his case. Although he has hired hack lawyers on the side, he is completely and pathetically subservient to Huld.

Titorelli, the Painter - Titorelli inherited the position of Court Painter from his father. He knows a great deal about the comings and goings of the Court's lowest level. He offers to help K., and manages to unload a few identical landscape paintings on the accused man. If the novel had been finished, we might have heard more from Titorelli.

Wednesday, September 22, 2010

Freud postings

Note: questions are assigned based on alphabetical order.
About 50-75 words. You should reference page numbers (p. X).

Last names:
A-G: Articulate the Pleasure Principle (positive and negative)
H-M: What are the Three Sources of Human Suffering?
N-P: Is Civilization as a Source of Our Unhappiness, Our Malaise or Discontent? (How Does Civilization Emerge?)
Q-Scott: Explain the Aggressive Instinct and the Generation of the Super-Ego
Shirley-Stewart: Explain the Super-Ego and the Sense of "Guilt"
Stvartak-Z: What are the implications of Freudian theory?

Sunday, September 19, 2010

Civilization and Its Discontents

About Civilization and Its Discontents
Civilization and Its Discontents, which Freud wrote in the summer of 1929, compares "civilized" and "savage"
human lives in order to reflect upon the meaning of civilization in general. Like many of his later works, the
essay generalizes the psycho-sexual theories that Freud introduced earlier in his career - the Oedipal conflict, the
theories of sexual impulses, repression, displacement and sublimation. Whereas before Freud was interested in
specific neurotics, one might say that in Civilization Freud expands his interest to identifying the neurotic
aspects of society itself. He extends his inquiry from man-in-particular to man-in-general.
The work is frankly pessimistic in tone, and many commentators have attributed this dark view to the
devastating experience of the First World War. This horrible conflict seems to have justified his insistence on
the violent and cruel nature of humanity. Earlier, in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), Freud revised his
earlier thesis that human beings are driven by a desire for erotic fulfillment by proposing that humans are
equally driven by a desire for destruction. This theory of the "death-drive," which Freud formulated in the midst
of the war, finds a wider application in Civilization.
From a chronological standpoint, this essay extends most immediately on Freud's reflections in The Future of an
Illusion (1927), in which Freud describes organized religion as a collective neurosis. Freud argues that religion
performed a great service for civilization by taming asocial instincts and creating a sense of community around
a shared set of beliefs, but it has also exacted an enormous psychological cost to the individual by making him
perpetually subordinate to the primal father figure embodied by God. An avowed atheist, Freud refines his
theories in Civilization and Its Discontents to outline more emphatically the relation between psychoanalysis
and religion, as well as between the individual and civilization.
Published in 1930, Civilization and Its Discontents has never been out-of-print. It was perhaps Freud's most
widely-read essay during his lifetime and it continues to be among his most influential studies. It stands as an
authoritative analysis of culture and human civilization, made more relevant by the atrocities committed in the
following decades, particularly the Nazi Holocaust, Stalinist genocides, and nuclear bombs dropped on civilian
populations in Japan. Some have pointed to the prophetic nature of Freud's observations about the destructive
currents running throughout human civilization; indeed, Adolf Hitler's 1933 rise to power by democratic
majority found in Freud a personal historical witness to the phenomenon that he had previously attempted to
account for in psychoanalytic terms in his writings.

Sigmund Freud

On May 6, 1856, Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in the small Moravian town of Freiberg. His parents were Jakob and Amalie Freud. Over the next six years Amalie gave birth to six more children. Sigmund was always the favorite child. Jakob's textile business failed, and in 1860, the family moved to Vienna, spending almost a year in Leipzig on the way. In Vienna, Freud was a studious and serious child. He was schooled at home, first by his mother and then by his father, and then he joined the Sperl Gymnasium, where he was at the top of his class.

In 1873, Freud graduated from the Sperl Gymnasium at the early age of seventeen and started medical training at the University of Vienna. It took him eight years to receive his medical degree, in part because he was distracted by scientific research. This was especially true in the later years of his medical studies (1877–1881), when was working in the laboratory of his mentor, Ernst Brücke, on the anatomy of the brain.

1881 was a momentous year for Freud: he met Martha Bernays and became engaged to her–secretly, at first–and he finally received his medical degree. In 1882, he left Brücke's lab and took a position at the Vienna General Hospital, motivated in part by his desire to make enough money to be able to marry Martha. Over the next five years he moved from department to department at the hospital, passing through surgery and dermatology before coming to rest at Theodor Meynert's department of psychiatry. In the winter of 1885–1886, Freud went to Paris to study under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpêtrière. He was finally married to Martha Bernays in the summer of 1886. They first married in a civil ceremony, but when they discovered that Austria (unlike Germany) would not officially recognize a nonreligious marriage, they married in a Jewish one.

Over the next ten years, from 1886–1896, Freud continued to develop his private practice. By the beginning of the 1890s, his relationship with Josef Breuer, another Jewish neurologist, had flourished. The two men had collaborated on the publication of a series of case studies on their patients called Studies on Hysteria. This contained one case study by Breuer and four by Freud. The case study by Breuer, on the patient "Anna O.", is known as the first psychoanalytic case study. In it, Breuer discusses the "cathartic method" he used to cure Anna O.'s symptoms by discovering, with her help, the earlier, unconscious traumas that were associated with her symptoms. Although Freud was enthusiastic about the new method, his emphasis on the exclusively sexual causes of hysteria made his theories unpopular, not only with his superiors at the University, but also with Breuer.

From 1896–1901, in a period of isolation from his colleagues, Freud developed the basics of psychoanalytic theory out of the raw material of his patients, his conversations with Breuer, and his correspondence with a new friend, the Berlin nose and throat doctor Wilhelm Fliess. In 1899, Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams, the first fully fleshed-out psychoanalytic work, was published. Freud was deeply disappointed by its lackluster reception, but he continued writing. His The Psychopathology of Everyday Life was published in 1901, and his Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality was published in 1905.

In the 1900s, Freud finally emerged from the isolation that had characterized his professional life in the 1890s. He began to have weekly meetings at his house to discuss psychoanalytic theory. The group that met at his house was called the "Wednesday Psychological Society," and eventually it grew into the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society. By 1904, Freud had begun to hear of other neurologists and psychiatrists using his techniques. He was particularly excited to hear that the well-respected Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler and one of Bleuler's staff members, Carl G. Jung, had taken an interest. Toward the end of the decade, psychoanalysis became a truly international affair: the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded with the help of supporters from Germany, Austria (Alfred Adler and Wilhelm Stekel), Switzerland, Hungary (Sandor Ferenczi), and England (Ernest Jones). In the years before the First World War, psychoanalysis experienced its first growing pains: first Jung, then Adler and Stekel, left the organization after bitter disagreements with Freud. In response to these defections, Jones and Freud created a secret "Committee" to protect psychoanalysis. The committee consisted of Jones, Ferenczi, Karl Abraham, Otto Rank, and Hanns Sachs.

During World War I, Freud continued to write and lecture, but patients were few and international communications were impossible. When the war ended, however, the International Psychoanalytic Association resumed its meetings in an atmosphere much more conducive to psychoanalysis than that before the war. Unfortunately, the post-war years were extremely difficult in Vienna: inflation was rampant, supplies were few, and patients were rare. Freud's reputation, however, was growing, and in 1919 he was made a full professor at the University of Vienna.

Freud's work from 1919 to the end of his life in 1938 became increasingly speculative. He became concerned with applying psychoanalysis to questions of civilization and society, an approach that he had first tried in his 1913 Totem and Taboo. In 1920, he published Beyond the Pleasure Principle, which suggested that human existence is a struggle between Eros, or the sex drive, and an instinct toward death.

In 1923, Freud was diagnosed with mouth cancer, a consequence of his life-long habit of cigar smoking. His illness would trouble him until his death in 1938, demanding in the meantime thirty-three separate operations that caused him pain and made it difficult for him to speak and eat. The 1920s were a complicated decade for Freud. He was undeniably successful, even famous, but his own health, several deaths in his family, and the disintegration of the Committee made his success bittersweet.

In the 1930s, Freud continued to treat patients and to write. He published one of his most frequently read books, Civilization and Its Discontents, in 1930. The rise of Nazism in Germany, however, and its echoes in Austria, made life in Vienna increasingly untenable. Freud stayed as long as he could, but when the Nazis invaded Austria in 1938 and raided his house, he fled to England with most of his family. He died there on September 23, 1939.

Tuesday, September 14, 2010

Microcultures

Microcultures
Dr. Marybeth Peebles, associate professor at Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio

* = those microcultures that are immutable

** = the dominant subcultures

A. Class (socioeconomic status) (how define? Look at census information at www.census.gov)

1. Underclass – below poverty level, homeless
2. Working class - lower middle class, blue collar
3. Middle class – white collar and low-level managerial / administrative **
4. Upper middle class – professionals, high-level managerial / administrative
5. Upper class – professionals, top-level managerial / administrative, inherited wealth and social status

B. Race *

1. Caucasian (Whites) **
2. African American (Blacks)
3. American Indian, Eskimo
4. Asian / Pacific Islander
5. Hispanic
6. Other

C. Ethnicity *

1. Western European **
2. Central / Eastern European
3. Asian
4. African
5. Latino. Hispanic is not a race, it is an ethnic designation
6. Other

D. Gender / sexual orientation *

1. Male **
2. Female
3. Heterosexual **
4. Homosexual
5. Bisexual
6. Transgender

E. Language

1. Monolingual (English only) **
2. Bilingual (English as primary language)
3. ESL (English as a second language)
4. Multilingual (fluent in more than two languages)

F. Religion

1. Christianity – Protestantism **
2. Christianity – Catholicism
3. Christianity – Other (e.g. Mormon, Jehovah’s Witness, Christian Scientist)
4. Eastern Orthodox
5. Judaism
6. Islam
7. Buddhism
8. Hindu
9. Other

G. Exceptionality *

1. Non-disabled **
2. Physically disabled
3. Mentally retarded
4. Learning disabled
5. Gifted / talented / precocity

H. Age *

1. Infancy
2. Youth
3. Adolescence
4. Young adulthood **
5. Middle age
6. Aged (elderly)

Geography

1. Regional (e.g. Midwest, New England, Southwest, etc.)
2. Location (e.g. urban, suburban, rural)
3. Environmental (e.g. mountains, desert, coastal)

Cultural Autobiography, Due Sept. 20

Criteria for Self-Reflective Cultural Autobiography

Learning objective: Students will demonstrate an understanding of their past and present as it relates to themselves and others within society.

Grading: Based on grammar, spelling, essay structure; quality of presentation and expression of thoughts; inclusion of microculture elements.

A cultural autobiography is a reflective, self-analytic story of your past and present.

In this assignment you are going to examine some of your own experiences. Your essay will focus on your life and how that has shaped you. You may include typical and/or exceptional events from your childhood, religious life, family life, memorable experiences. This might include a family vacation, a mission trip or a sporting event.

You do not have to answer all the questions posed in this assignment. They are given to prompt your thinking about the topic.

Consider starting off by describing an artifact that reflects your cultural practices, values, history, or beliefs.

You need to describe your experiences in detail. Use whatever description, scenes, dialogues and so on that you wish. You may write the essay in the first person. For dialogue be as true to the speaker’s actual words as you can recall.

Note, a cultural autobiography is more merely narrating events from your life. It reveals your assumptions and seeks to bring out preconceived notions in relation to the micro-cultures and subgroups that make up identity and your role. In a multicultural world, understanding your own cultural identity as well as being more open to others is extremely important in society. Consider the culture as described in the Bookseller of Kabul. Recall the relationship restrictions between men and women, between the family and the Afghan society.

According to Dr. Marybeth Peebles, an associate professor at Marietta College, there are nine micro-cultures: socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, religion, gender/sexual orientation, language, exceptionality (mentally or physically disabled or gifted), age and geography.

What cultural groups do you identify with? Discuss your birth and family of origin. Who are your family members? Talk about the cultural history of your parents, grandparents, and if significant, your great-grandparents. Where are they from? What is the primary language, race, religion, culture of your origin? Describe your upbringing. What do you remember about the neighborhood(s) in which you lived? What ethnic groups resided therein? Was there a predominant group? What do your recall about your neighborhood: focus in particular regarding attitudes about those who were “different” from you? What was the talk at the dinner table? Were there any teachings that may influence how you feel about any group outside your own?

Examine the subgroups (posted on Blackboard under this week’s folder) and your roles within them, in relation to each micro-culture. The subgroups, are where you fall in the micro-culture.

Consider how your experiences within the cultural subgroups that you inhabit have shaped your personality and identity in relation to others in your life who may fall into different cultural subgroups. For example, the only twins experience life differently than non-multiples.

Discuss your family culture in terms of values, beliefs, and goals about life success/failure that you have learned. What are some verbal and non-verbal communication skills you have learned from your family? How has your cultural background affected your present beliefs about yourself and others? Talk about how your cultural background has shaped your views about race, class, gender, ability, and sexuality? What messages did you receive about these topics growing up, and what are your current beliefs? How has your culture helped or hindered you in your schooling/teaching?

Conclude with a summary of your cultural identity based on experiences that you have discussed. Wrap up the discussion neatly and succinctly.

Friday, September 10, 2010

Bookseller of Kabul

The Taliban instituted many restrictions on books and printed materials.
Pick one of the following questions. Answer in about 50-75 words. Due 6 p.m. Sunday.
1. How did these policies affect Sultan Khan?
2. What impact did they have on education in Afghanistan?
3. How were things changing during the time the author spent with the bookseller's family?

Wednesday, September 8, 2010

News stories related to Kabul


We’re Not Winning. It’s Not Worth It.
Here’s how to draw down in Afghanistan.
by Richard N. Haass Newsweek, July 18, 2010
Justin Sullivan / Getty Images A U.S. soldier in Jeluwar, Afghanistan
GOP chairman Michael Steele was blasted by fellow Republicans recently for describing Afghanistan as “a war of Obama’s choosing,” and suggesting that the United States would fail there as had many other outside powers. Some critics berated Steele for his pessimism, others for getting his facts wrong, given that President George W. Bush ordered the invasion of Afghanistan soon after 9/11. But Steele’s critics are the ones who are wrong: the RNC chair was more correct than not on the substance of his statement, if not the politics.
The war being waged by the United States in Afghanistan today is fundamentally different and more ambitious than anything carried out by the Bush administration. Afghanistan is very much Barack Obama’s war of choice, a point that the president underscored recently by picking Gen. David Petraeus to lead an intensified counterinsurgency effort there. After nearly nine years of war, however, continued or increased U.S. involvement in Afghanistan isn’t likely to yield lasting improvements that would be commensurate in any way with the investment of American blood and treasure. It is time to scale down our ambitions there and both reduce and redirect what we do.

Afghan Women and the Return of the Taliban

By Aryn Baker Thursday, TIME, Jul. 29, 2010
The Taliban pounded on the door just before midnight, demanding that Aisha, 18, be punished for running away from her husband's house. They dragged her to a mountain clearing near her village in the southern Afghan province of Uruzgan, ignoring her protests that her in-laws had been abusive, that she had no choice but to escape. Shivering in the cold air and blinded by the flashlights trained on her by her husband's family, she faced her spouse and accuser. Her in-laws treated her like a slave, Aisha pleaded. They beat her. If she hadn't run away, she would have died. Her judge, a local Taliban commander, was unmoved. Later, he would tell Aisha's uncle that she had to be made an example of lest other girls in the village try to do the same thing. The commander gave his verdict, and men moved in to deliver the punishment. Aisha's brother-in-law held her down while her husband pulled out a knife. First he sliced off her ears. Then he started on her nose. Aisha passed out from the pain but awoke soon after, choking on her own blood. The men had left her on the mountainside to die. (See managing editor Richard Stengel's message to readers about this story's cover image.)

This didn't happen 10 years ago, when the Taliban ruled Afghanistan. It happened last year.

Bookseller of Kabul

Timeline of the War in Afghanistan
(October 7, 2001–Present; 8 years, 314 days)

Condensed Timeline
1989 Soviet Troops withdraw
9/11/01 Attacks on World Trade Center and Pentagon
10/7/01 Beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom
11/9/01 Battle for Mazar-i-Sharif, first substantial landing of US ground forces
11/12/01 Fall of Kabul (Osama bin Laden flees to Tora Bora?)
11/16/01 Substantial bombardment of Tora Bora by USAF
11/16/01 Fall of Kunduz and the Pakistani Airlift of Evil
late 11/01 Fall of Kandahar (Taliban stronghold), 1st USMC FOB (Camp Rhino)
12/12/01 Stiff resistance at Tora Bora, Osama bin Laden escapes Tora Bora to Pakistan?
12/5/01 Bonn Agreement forms interim Transitional Administration. Karzai named Chairman of 29-member governing committee
12/20/01 UN authorization of ISAF
3/2/02 Operation Anaconda from established airbases at Bagram (Kabul) and Kandahar. Coalition troops number 10,000. Offensive against al-Qaeda and Taliban forces entrenched in the mountains of Shahi-Kot
’03-’05 Renewed Taliban insurgency, recruitment of students from Pakistani madrassas
10/9/04 Hamid Karzai elected President (purple fingers)
’06 NATO forces (from ISAF) take over southern Afghanistan and achieve tactical victories but fail to defeat Taliban forces.
early ’07 Coalition offensive. People begin to realize that the number of Taliban forces is not a fixed number.
’08 British and US Troop Surge. US troop numbers climb to 48,250 in 6/08.
9/08 President Bush authorizes US raids against militants in Pakistan
1/09 More troops sent to southern Afghanistan by Bush and Obama. Gen. McKiernan calls for doubling US troop numbers. Ambassador Eikenberry deeply concerned about Karzai government
8/10/09 Gen. McChrystal says that the US is not winning the war.
8/20/09 Presidential Elections. Karzai reelected in a “generally fair, but not free” election.
12/1/09 President Obama announces 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan.
1/26/10 Karzai announces peace effort aimed at Taliban
7/25/10 Wikileaks disclosure – 90,000 secret documents reveal details of civilian casualties, and the extent of the collaboration between the Taliban and the Pakistani ISI

Friday, September 3, 2010

Opening salvo or pilgrimage, an epic poem

This is a working title. I am open to suggestions.

Epic Poem

Everyone is to write one chapter. All work is due by 6 p.m. Monday. Chapters should be abut 100 words in the free form style we have noted in Bikeman.

From the handout (the complete document is on Blackboard)

Epic is a long poem which deals with the doings characters from either legend or history. It is generally war-like that involves multiple secondary characters, and also gods and spirits. The following five are the epic conventions:

1. Invocation to muse: An epic starts with a prayer or invocation. The poet asks the muse/god to help him in his great work usually one of the nine daughters of Zeus. States the theme of the epic.

2. Narrative opens in media res. This means "in the middle of things," usually with the hero at his lowest point. Earlier portions of the story appear later as flashbacks.

2. Homeric Simile: Compared to an ordinary simile, a Homeric simile is expanded to such an extent that it becomes an another poem within the poem. A standard simile is a comparison using "like" or "as." An epic or Homeric simile is a more involved, ornate comparison, extended in great detail.

3. Athletic Games/Contest: Epic has to offer this convention. Milton makes use of it in his Paradise Lost Book-2 where he describes the fallen angels arranging an athletic meeting.

4. Adventurous Journey: The hero of an epic poem makes a journey. Heavy use of repetition and stock phrases. The poet repeats passages that consist of several lines in various sections of the epic and uses homeric epithets, short, recurrent phrases used to describe people, places, or things. Both made the poem easier to memorize.